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Prospect in Creating New Drugs from Chinese Herbal Medicine

Yu Dequan

Strategic Study of CAE 1999, Volume 1, Issue 2,   Pages 87-90

Abstract: Natural product research should be featured by the application of modern spectroscopic techniques, such

Keywords： natural product research     creating new drug     chemical constituent of Chinese herbal medicine     modem spectroscopictechnique     HPLC/MS/MS     HPLC/NMR    

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V-shaped substrate for surface and volume enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis of microplastics

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 11, doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1578-8

Abstract:

● V-shaped substrate was obtained for SERS analysis of microplastics (diameter ≈ 1 μm).

Keywords： SERS     V-shaped     AAO     Microplastic     Atmospheric aerosol    

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fulvic acids during thermal sludge treatment assessed by size fractionation, elementary analysis, and spectroscopic

Yuning YANG,Huan LI,Jinyi LI

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2014, Volume 8, Issue 6,   Pages 854-862 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0755-9

Abstract: Thermal pretreatment can be applied to sludge anaerobic digestion or dewatering. To analyze the variation in humic substances during thermal sludge treatment, sludge humic and fulvic acids were extracted before and after 30-min thermal treatment at 180°C, and then their contents, molecular weight distributions, elementary compositions, and spectral characteristics were compared. The results showed that the total contents of humic and fulvic acids in the sludge almost remained constant during thermal treatment, but 35% of humic and fulvic acids were dissolved from the sludge solids. Moreover, both humic and fulvic acids were partly decomposed and 32% of humic acids were converted to fulvic acids. The median value of the molecular weights of humic acids decreased from 81 to 41 kDa and that of fulvic acids decreased from 15 to 2 kDa. Besides the reduction in molecular size, the chemical structures of humic and fulvic acids also exhibited a slight change, i.e. some oxygen functional groups disappeared and aromatic structures increased after thermal sludge treatment.

Keywords： sludge     thermal treatment     humic acids     fulvic acids    

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Diporphyrin tweezer for multichannel spectroscopic analysis of enantiomeric excess

Daniel T. Payne, Mandeep K. Chahal, Václav Březina, Whitney A. Webre, Katsuhiko Ariga, Francis D’Souza, Jan Labuta, Jonathan P. Hill

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 1,   Pages 28-40 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1869-1

Abstract: Chiral 1,1’-binaphthyl-linked diporphyrin ‘tweezers’ ( )- /( )- and the corresponding zinc(II) complexes ( )- /( )- were prepared as chiral host molecules, and their utility for chiral analyses (especially enantiomeric excess ( ) determinations) were evaluated. Tris(1- -dodecyl)porphyrins were used for the first time as the interacting units. Host capabilities of the diporphyrin tweezers were investigated by titrations with ( , )- and ( , )-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine (CHDA). The host molecules could be used as multichannel probes of by using UV-vis, circular dichroism (CD), fluorescence emission and H nuclear magnetic resonance ( H-NMR) methods. Chiral configurations could also be differentiated using CD or H-NMR spectroscopy. All three optical techniques give good resolution of with reasonable sensitivity considering the low concentrations used (ca. 10 mol·L ). The determination of CHDA enantiomers using NMR spectroscopy is also possible because of the reasonably well separated resonances in the case of ( , )- and ( , )-CHDA. Non-metallated ( )- /( )- hosts could not be used to detect chiral information in a strongly acidic chiral guest. This work demonstrates the utility of 1,1’-binapthyl-linked chiral hosts for chiral analysis of ditopically interacting enantiomers.

Keywords： porphyrin dimer     chirality     enantiomeric excess     CD     fluorescence    

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Synthesis, spectroscopic, and electrochemical properties of two dyads consisted of tetrathiafulvalene

Guoqiao LAI, Yibo LIU, Meijiang LI, Yongjia SHEN

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2009, Volume 3, Issue 2,   Pages 192-195 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0015-x

Abstract: Two donor-σ-acceptor molecules containing tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and carbazole moieties were synthesized by the reaction of 9-(4-bromo-butyl)-carbazole ( ) with 2,6-bis(hexylthio)-3-(2-cyanoethylthio)-7-(methylthio)-tetrathiafulvalene ( ) or 2,6-bis(2-cyanoethylthio)-3,7-bis(methylthio)tetrathiafulvalene ( ) in the presence of CsOH·H O, respectively. The structures of the molecules were characterized by H NMR, C NMR, MS, and elemental analyses. They showed negligible intramolecular charge-transfer interaction in their ground states as indicated by their UV-Vis spectroscopics and cyclic voltammetry results. Compared with carbazole, their fluorescence was strongly quenched, which implied that a photo induced electron transfer (PET) interaction between TTF and carbazole moieties occurred.

Keywords： donor-σ-acceptor molecule     intramolecular charge transfer interaction     photo induced electron transfer     tetrathiafulvalene     carbazole    

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Fluorescence spectroscopic studies of the effect of granular activated carbon adsorption on structural

Shuang XUE, Qingliang ZHAO, Liangliang WEI, Xiujuan HUI, Xiping MA, Yingzi LIN

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 6,   Pages 784-796 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0436-5

Abstract: This work investigated the effect of granular activated carbon adsorption (GACA) on fluorescence characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in secondary effluent, by means of excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectra, the fluorescence regional integration (FRI) method, synchronous spectra, the fluorescence index defined as the ratio of fluorescence emission intensity at wavelength 450 nm to that at 500 nm at excitation ( )=370 nm, and the wavelength that corresponds to the position of the normalized emission band at its half intensity ( ). DOM in the secondary effluent from the North Wastewater Treatment Plant (Shenyang, China) was fractionated using XAD resins into 5 fractions: hydrophobic acid (HPO–A), hydrophobic neutral (HPO–N), transphilic acid (TPI–A), transphilic neutral (TPI–N) and hydrophilic fraction (HPI). Results showed that fluorescent materials in HPO–N and TPI–N were less readily removed than those in the other fractions by GACA. The relative content of fluorescent materials in HPO–A, TPI–A and HPI decreased whereas that in HPO–N and TPI–N increased as a consequence of GACA. Polycyclic aromatics in all DOM fractions were preferentially absorbed by GACA, in comparison with bulk DOM expressed as DOC. On the other hand, the adsorption of aromatic amino acids and humic acid-like fluorophores exhibiting fluorescence peaks in synchronous spectra by GACA seemed to be dependent on the acid/neutral properties of DOM fractions. All five fractions had decreased fluorescence indices as a result of GACA. GACA led to a decreased value for HPO–A, increased values for HPO–N, TPI–A and HPI, and a consistent value for TPI–N.

Keywords： granular activated carbon adsorption     dissolved organic matter     fractionation     fluorescence    

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Discussion on the Complex Nature of Modem Engineering Systems Development

Zhao Shaokui

Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 2,   Pages 1-8

Abstract:

The paper discussed the complex nature of development research on modern complex weaponry systems, scientific research engineering and specific complex environment engineering, and put forward general thinking to use method of systematicism (systematics) to research and deal with problems of complex nature.

Keywords： engineering system     complex nature     reductionism     systematicism (systematics)    

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General modeling and optimization technique for real-world earth observation satellite scheduling

Frontiers of Engineering Management   Pages 695-709 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0263-3

Abstract: This study proposes a general modeling and optimization technique for common and real-world EOS schedulingIn this technique, a framework that decouples the modeling, constraints, and optimization of EOS schedulingFor simplified EOS scheduling problems, the proposed technique shows better performance in applicabilityconstrained real-world benchmark exampled by a four-EOS Chinese commercial constellation is provided, and the technique

Keywords： earth observation satellite     scheduling     general technique     optimization algorithm     commercial constellation    

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Characterization of humic substances in bio-treated municipal solid waste landfill leachate

Guangxia QI, Dongbei YUE, Yongfeng NIE

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 5,   Pages 711-716 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0421-z

Abstract: Considerable organic matter remains in municipal solid waste landfill leachate after biological treatments. Humic substances (HSs) dominate the organic matter in bio-treated landfill leachate. In this study, the HSs from landfill leachate treated by membrane bioreactor (MBR-HSs) were analyzed via elemental analysis, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and charge polarized magic-angle spinning- C-nuclear magnetic resonance. The characteristic absorption in the UV wavelength range indicated the presence of high C=C and C=O double bonds within the MBR-HSs. Compared with commercial HSs, MBR-HSs had lower carbon content [48.14% for fulvic acids (FA) and 49.52% for humic acids (HA)], higher nitrogen content (4.31% for FA and 6.16% for HA), lower aromatic structure content, and higher carbohydrate and carboxylic atoms of carbon content. FA predominantly had an aliphatic structure, and HA had less condensed or substituted aromatic ring structures than natural HA. The aromatic carbon content of MBR-HSs was lower than that of humus-derived HSs but higher than that of waste-derived HSs, indicating that MBR-HSs appeared to be more similar to humus-derived HSs than waste-derived HA.

Keywords： bio-treated landfill leachate     humic substances     elemental analysis     spectroscopic characteristics    

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Research of Constructing Technique Supporting System of Agriculture Informationization

Guo Shupu,Zhang Liping,Shen Jichang,Dong Wei

Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 9,   Pages 89-94

Abstract:

The agriculture informationization is supported by related information technique.quickening the construction of agriculture informationization are to manage the research of the preservation techniqueof agriculture information, develop agriculture information application technique and build the network

Keywords： agriculture informationization     technique supporting system     information preservation technique     informationapplication technique     information spreading network    

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The electrostatic-alloy bonding technique used in MEMS

WANG Wei, CHEN Wei-ping

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2006, Volume 1, Issue 2,   Pages 238-241 doi: 10.1007/s11465-006-0011-5

Abstract: Electrostatic-alloy bonding of silicon wafer with glass deposited by Au to form Si/Au-glass water, and bonding of Si/Au-glass with silicon wafer were researched during fabrication of pressure sensors. The silicon wafer and glass wafer with an Au film resistor were bonded by electrostatic bonding, and then Si-Au alloy bonding was formed by annealing at 400vH for 2 h. The air sealability of the cavity after bonding was finally tested using the N filling method. The results indicate that large bond strength was obtained at the bonding interface. This process was used in fabricating a pressure sensor with a sandwich structure. The results indicate that the sensor presented better performances and that the bonding techniques can be used in MEMS packaging.

Keywords： Si/Au-glass     strength     MEMS packaging     process     sandwich structure    

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Seismic safety evaluation methodology for masonry building and retrofitting using splint and bandage technique

Pravin Kumar Venkat Rao PADALU; Yogendra SINGH

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2022, Volume 16, Issue 4,   Pages 478-505 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0817-1

Abstract: To safeguard the URM wall piers under lateral loads, a retrofitting technique is adopted by providingcapacity of unsafe URM piers can be enhanced up to 3.67 times and made safe using the applied retrofitting technique

Keywords： seismic in-plane and out-of-plane forces     pier analysis     finite element modelling     splint and bandage technique    

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Significance of using isolated footing technique for residential construction on expansive soils

Harry FAR,Deacon FLINT

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2017, Volume 11, Issue 1,   Pages 123-129 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0372-8

Abstract: Expansive soils cause problems with the founding of lightly loaded structures in many parts of the world. Foundation design for expansive soils is one of the most discussed and problematic issues in Australia as expansive soils were responsible for billions of dollars’ worth of damage to man-made structures such as buildings and roads. Several studies and reports indicate that one of the most common and least recognized problems causing severe structural damage to houses lies in expansive soils. In this study, a critical review has been carried out on the current Australian standards for building on expansive soils and they are compared with some techniques that are not included in the current Australian standards for residential slabs and footings. Based on the results of this review, the most effective and economical method has been proposed for construction of footings on all site classifications without restriction to 75mm of characteristic movement. In addition, it has become apparent that as design procedures for footings resting on sites with extreme characteristic movements are not included in the current Australian standards, there is a strong need for well-developed and simplified standard design procedures for characteristic soil movement of greater than 75mm to be included into the Australian Standards.

Keywords： expansive soils     residential slabs     isolated footings     Australian Standards    

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Knife-edge technique for laser cooling

WANG Zhanshan, MA Shanshan, MA Yan, ZHAO Min, LIU Hengbiao

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2007, Volume 2, Issue 4,   Pages 468-473 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0081-z

Abstract: In the application of knife-edge technique, the temperature of atoms through laser cooling was measuredKnife-edge technique can measure the temperature of an atomic beam through laser cooling.

Keywords： knife-edge technique     uniformity     coupled     transfer     fluorescent    

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The Development of Oversea Hydroelectric Technique

Chen Zongliang

Strategic Study of CAE 2002, Volume 4, Issue 4,   Pages 86-92

Abstract:

The development of oversea technique for construction of hydroelectric engineering is briefly describedSome important aspects on oversea hydroelectric technique, including the physical exploration, high dams

Keywords： hydropower     new oversea technique     development    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Prospect in Creating New Drugs from Chinese Herbal Medicine

Yu Dequan

Journal Article

V-shaped substrate for surface and volume enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis of microplastics

Journal Article

fulvic acids during thermal sludge treatment assessed by size fractionation, elementary analysis, and spectroscopic

Yuning YANG,Huan LI,Jinyi LI

Journal Article

Diporphyrin tweezer for multichannel spectroscopic analysis of enantiomeric excess

Daniel T. Payne, Mandeep K. Chahal, Václav Březina, Whitney A. Webre, Katsuhiko Ariga, Francis D’Souza, Jan Labuta, Jonathan P. Hill

Journal Article

Synthesis, spectroscopic, and electrochemical properties of two dyads consisted of tetrathiafulvalene

Guoqiao LAI, Yibo LIU, Meijiang LI, Yongjia SHEN

Journal Article

Fluorescence spectroscopic studies of the effect of granular activated carbon adsorption on structural

Shuang XUE, Qingliang ZHAO, Liangliang WEI, Xiujuan HUI, Xiping MA, Yingzi LIN

Journal Article

Discussion on the Complex Nature of Modem Engineering Systems Development

Zhao Shaokui

Journal Article

General modeling and optimization technique for real-world earth observation satellite scheduling

Journal Article

Characterization of humic substances in bio-treated municipal solid waste landfill leachate

Guangxia QI, Dongbei YUE, Yongfeng NIE

Journal Article

Research of Constructing Technique Supporting System of Agriculture Informationization

Guo Shupu,Zhang Liping,Shen Jichang,Dong Wei

Journal Article

The electrostatic-alloy bonding technique used in MEMS

WANG Wei, CHEN Wei-ping

Journal Article

Seismic safety evaluation methodology for masonry building and retrofitting using splint and bandage technique

Pravin Kumar Venkat Rao PADALU; Yogendra SINGH

Journal Article

Significance of using isolated footing technique for residential construction on expansive soils

Harry FAR,Deacon FLINT

Journal Article

Knife-edge technique for laser cooling

WANG Zhanshan, MA Shanshan, MA Yan, ZHAO Min, LIU Hengbiao

Journal Article

The Development of Oversea Hydroelectric Technique

Chen Zongliang

Journal Article